抽象推理是智能系统的关键能力。大型语言模型在抽象推理任务上实现了高度的性能，但表现出许多缺陷。但是，人类的抽象推理也是不完美的，并且取决于我们对推理问题内容的知识和信念。例如，人类对在日常情况下基于逻辑规则的逻辑规则比关于抽象属性的任意规则更可靠地理解。语言模型的培训经验类似地赋予了他们先前的期望，这些期望反映了人类的知识和信念。因此，我们假设语言模型会显示出类似人类的内容对抽象推理问题的影响。我们在三个逻辑推理任务中探讨了这一假设：自然语言推论，判断三段论的逻辑有效性和ison选择任务（Wason，1968）。我们发现，最新的大语言模型（具有7或700亿个参数； Hoffman等，2022）反映了这些任务中人类在人类中观察到的许多相同模式 - 像人类一样，模型对可信情况的理由更有效地理由不现实或抽象的。我们的发现对理解这些认知效应以及有助于语言模型表现的因素具有影响。
translated by 谷歌翻译
The ability to learn tasks in a sequential fashion is crucial to the development of artificial intelligence. Neural networks are not, in general, capable of this and it has been widely thought that catastrophic forgetting is an inevitable feature of connectionist models. We show that it is possible to overcome this limitation and train networks that can maintain expertise on tasks which they have not experienced for a long time. Our approach remembers old tasks by selectively slowing down learning on the weights important for those tasks. We demonstrate our approach is scalable and effective by solving a set of classification tasks based on the MNIST hand written digit dataset and by learning several Atari 2600 games sequentially.
translated by 谷歌翻译